清代后期上层社会民族意识探析

19世纪下半叶 ,随着西方列强对华侵略的加剧 ,传统民族意识应运而生 ,通过一系列历史事件凸现出来 ,呈现出三种不同的演变趋向 ,即复古闭锁型、保守传统型、自省开放型。民族意识总的发展方向是由盲目仇外、虚骄自傲到效法西方、反思自身 ,逐步摆脱了华夏中心观、夷夏之辨的束缚 ,民族心态渐趋理性

An Analysis of the National Consciousness of the Upper Class in the Late of Qing Dynasty

In the second half of 19th century, traditional national consciousness arose at the historic moment when occidental super powers intensified their invasion upon China, which manifested itself through a series of historic events. From it emerged three different evolutionary tendencise: Back to the ancients;Conservative and Introspective. The national consciousness devolved from blind hostility and vain arrogance to learning from the occident and looking into itself,which extricated itself from China centredness gradually and tended to be rational.