| Abstract: | The development self‐regulation has been called a primary task of childhood. One system of self‐regulation, self‐monitoring, is indexed at the level of neural activity as early as preschool as the error‐related negativity (ERN). However, how context elicits developmental changes in neural processes of self‐monitoring like the ERN is not well understood. Here, socioeconomic status (SES) and parenting were tested as environmental influences on ERN development between ages 3 and 4 (N = 119). Results showed the expected increases in ERN between ages 3 and 4 only when both maternal sensitivity and SES were high. This work demonstrates the importance of considering the early environment in order to understand the development of a neural process supporting self‐regulation in young children. |
