黄河置换水量的水权分配方法探讨

为了促进西部开发，在南水北调东线和中线工程开始发挥效益和西线工程尚未建成之前，可在东线和中线的受水区范围内置换出一部分引黄水量，重新分配给黄河上中游使用。黄河置换水量的分配是一个特殊的水的使用权的分配问题，也是一个多地区、多目标的决策问题。该文首先探讨了水权的基本理论和使用权的分配原则，即有效性、公平性、可持续性的原则，并依据这些原则，构建了水量分配的一整套指标体系。为解决这一多地区目标的决策问题，研究提出了根据这些原则，构建了水量分配的一整套指标体系。为解决这一多地区多目标的决策问题，研究提出了根据水权分配指标体系，应用层次分析和模糊决策理论相结合的模式进行了水权分配的方法。采用该方法对黄河置换水量进行了分配决策，获得了较为合理和满意的结果。

DISCUSSION ON WATER RIGHT ALLOCATION OF REPLACED WATER FROM YELLOW RIVER

To accelerate the Western China development, a part of water diverted from Yellow River to the areas served by the east route and mid route of the South North Water Transfer Project may be reallocated to the upstream and midstream areas of the Yellow River after commissioning of the east route and mid route and before commissioning of the west route of the South North Water Transfer Project. Being a special issue, allocation of replaced water is not only the distribution of water right but also the decision making concerning multi areas and multi objectives. Basic theories of water right and principles, as efficiency, equity and sustainability, of distribution of water right were approached in this paper. And then, a complete set of indicators of water allocation was constituted according to these principles. To balance the decision making between multi areas and multi objectives, a method combining analytical hierarchy process with fuzzy decision making theorem was developed for distribution of water right based on the system of indicators of distribution of water right. By applying this method for reallocation of replaced water from Yellow River, decision with a reasonable and satisfying result can be made.