新疆伊犁九城的调查及初步研究

清代"伊犁九城"主要包括惠远老城(后废弃,迁新址,名惠远新城)、惠宁城、塔勒奇城、绥定城、广仁城、瞻德城、拱宸城、宁远城、熙春城等城址。本文通过区域性的系统调查和考古勘探,结合CORONA卫星影像,基本复原了伊犁九城的建制,补充文献所述及前人研究之不足。伊犁九城总体保存情况较差,但部分遗迹尚存,其中北墙保存情况相对较好。伊犁九城具有较为鲜明的统一性、层级性、联合性等特点。统一性主要体现在方形形制以及城内十字干道的结构布局,还体现在其军事驻防属性上;层级性是在城址规模、建筑上呈现出来;联合性表现为九城之间有隶属关系,在战略上互为掎角之势,形成防御体系。伊犁九城防御体系形成了"双核"的布局模式。

Investigation and Preliminary Study of the Ili Nine Cities in Xinjiang

The Ili Nine Cities in the Qing dynasty mainly included Huiyuan Old City, Huiyuan New City, Huining City, Talqi City, Suiding City, Guangren City, Zhande City, Gongchen City, Ningyuan City, Xichun City. Based on the regional systematic investigation, archaeological exploration and CORONA satellite images, the structure and system of the Ili Nine Cities were restored in general in this paper to supplement materials in the relative studies. The Ili Nine Cities were not preserved so well on the whole except its north wall and there are still some remains. The Ili Nine Cities were distinctly characterized by the consistency, hierarchy and unity. The consistency is mainly reflected in the shape of square, the structural layout of the cross roads in the city and the attributes of military garrison. The hierarchy is revealed through the scale of city sites and buildings. The unity is manifested in the subordination relationship among the nine cities, which formed a defense system with "dual cores" by supporting each other strategically.