传播交际模式观照下的权势话语——以《红楼梦》中贾宝玉的话语模式为例

作为交际媒介的语言是社会化的心理活动过程,话语角色的认知决定着语言的表达方式和次序。话语角色的权势关系影响着话语的交际模式。作者以《红楼梦》为例,在已有交际模式与詹姆斯.凯瑞(James Carey)提出的交际传播模式观照下,剖析了小说主人公贾宝玉的五种交际话语。指出话语交际是一个复杂多变的过程,受诸多不定因素制约。交际双方具有权势的一方在实际谈话中起着举足轻重的支配作用。交际双方"权势"话语的差异会导致完全不同的话语交际模式。然而,由于交际双方的亲密程度和情景语境等多方面非预想性因素的影响,交际中的权势也会不断受到挑战和变更,从而出现说话者的权势和身份的非对位性现象。

Power Talk from the Perspective of Communicational Models--As in the models of Power Talk around Jia Baoyu in Hongloumeng

Communicational language is both a social and a psychological activity process. The cognition of communicational role determines communicational manner and procedure. Communicational role is affected by social power relationship and therefore power talk comes into being. Basing on the data from Hongloumeng, the author attempts to make an analysis of Jia Baoyu's power talk in the perspective of communicational modes. The study shows that conversational communication is a complicated and ever-changing process which is restricted by many factors. The one who has power advantage in the two parties in dialogue dominates their conversation. Different communicational models result from different "power relation" between the two parties. However, the unexpected factors, such as solidarity and conversational contexts can influence and challenge the power relation in a conversation so much so that the speaker's power doesn't always accord with his or hers social status.