劳伦斯与非理性主义

以叔本华、尼采、弗洛伊德为代表的非理性主义是劳伦斯小说创作的思想基础。受叔本华影响,劳伦斯把生存意志作为人物行动的基本动力,这主要表现为向性力和精神占有欲。受尼采影响,劳伦斯赞美躯体,重视生命的内在能量和自我超越性,并与基督教决裂,成为西方基督教道德观的激烈批判者。劳伦斯在性与无意识这两个领域,对弗洛伊德精神分析理论有接受,也有超越。弗洛伊德与劳伦斯都把性、无意识与文明对立起来,但弗洛伊德进行的是否定性研究,强调对其疏导和控制,劳伦斯则认为性与无意识是原初的创造性力量,是生活的源泉,是对抗人之社会化和理性化的正面力量。非理性主义丰富和深化了劳伦斯对现代人心理世界的理解,加强了他的小说的社会批判力量。

D. H. Lawrence and His Irrationalism

The ideological basis of D.H.Lawrence in his novel writing is irrationalism inherited from such representatives as Schopenhauer,Nietzsche,and Freud.Lawrence,influenced by Schopenhauer,treated existence will as the essential motive of the actions of his characters,the will that is embodied in tropism and spirit conquering desire.Affected by Nietzsche,Lawrence praised bodily beauty,thought much of the inner forces of life and its self transcendence;but contrary to Nietzsche,Lawrence broke away from Christianity,and hence became a severe criticizer of the Christianity morality in the West.As for Freud's psychoanalyses,particularly in his idea of sex and unconsciousness,Lawrence accepted some,but also surpassed some.That is,both Freud and Lawrence set opposition between sex,unconsciousness and civilization,but what Freud undertook is a negativity study,i.e.emphasizing their easing and controlling while Lawrence thought that sex and unconsciousness are the origin of creative forces,the origin of life,and the positive power of man against socialization and rationality.Hence,irrationalism enriched and deepened Lawrence's understanding of the inner world of modern man,and enforced the social critical strength of his works.