中国乡镇改革的历史阶段划分与现实问题研究

中国历史上乡镇建制经历了“乡官制”、“职役制”、“自治制”和“政党制”下的多次变革,期间或延续或中断、或重视或忽略、或继承或革新,且表现为地域性、宗法性、自治性、零散性、非固定性等等特征。可以说,迄今世界上还没有哪一个国家的乡镇政权像中国这样频繁变动、混乱无序。当前我国乡镇改革的实质和核心问题是,重点解决政党政治与政府政治互相交叉,国家政权与农民自治互相渗透,“条条”与“块块”互相分割,“事权”与“财权”互相脱节的问题,建立精干高效的农村行政管理体制和公共财政制度,提高社会管理和服务水平。

Historical Stage Division and Realistic Analysis on the Reforms of Villages and Towns in China

Since the establishment of " the country system " in the Zhou Dynasty thousands years ago, it had experienced many reforms such as " the country government system ", " the duty service system ", " the autonomous system " and " the political party system " and so on. During this long period the reform had been continued or broken, attached importance or neglected, inherited or innovated, and had showed such regional, patriarchal, autonomous, scattered, non- syntactic features. Up to now,no country as China in the world has esperienced such frequent and chaotic disorder change in the villages and towns political power. At present, the villages and towns reform's essence and key point are to solve the problems such as the party politics and the government politics mutually overlapping, the state power and the peasant autonomy mutually seeping, " the regulations " and " the block " mutually dividing, " the governance " and " the property rights " mutually coming apart and so on .The general goals of the reform are to establish the highly effective countryside administration system and the supplies system of the public finance,so as to improve the level of the rural social management and service.