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Raju's Differential Functioning of Items and Tests (DFIT)
Authors:T. C. Oshima  S. B. Morris
Affiliation:1. Georgia State University;2. Illinois Institute of Technology
Abstract:Nambury S. Raju (1937–2005) developed two model‐based indices for differential item functioning (DIF) during his prolific career in psychometrics. Both methods, Raju's area measures ( Raju, 1988 ) and Raju's DFIT ( Raju, van der Linden, & Fleer, 1995 ), are based on quantifying the gap between item characteristic functions (ICFs). This approach provides an intuitive and flexible methodology for assessing DIF. The purpose of this tutorial is to explain DFIT and show how this methodology can be utilized in a variety of DIF applications.
Keywords:differential item functioning (DIF)  differential test functioning (DTF)  measurement equivalence  item response theory (IRT)
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