中国社会发展范式的转换:普遍性与特殊性

"单纯追求经济增长"是原有的社会发展范式的核心理念,但是按照这一理念所展开的发展实践却导致了社会发展场阈中人的缺失,以及众多社会问题的凸显,很多国家陷入前所未有的发展困境。为了走出发展困境,构建适应当代社会发展实践的新的发展范式,弗朗索瓦.佩鲁、阿马蒂亚.森和保罗.谢弗等学者进行了有益的探索,分别提出了价值本位、自由本位和文化本位的社会发展范式。以马克思实践论的双重维度——理性维度和价值维度——为理论视角,辩证吸收已有的关于社会发展范式转换的研究成果——由"重视经济增长范式"到"重视人-文化-价值进步范式",审视中国当前的社会发展,可以发现:与世界其他国家相比,中国的发展范式转换既有普遍性也有特殊性。其普遍性主要表现在中国的社会发展也出现了世界各国普遍发生的一些社会问题。其特殊性表现在两方面:第一,中国社会发展的理性层面——市场经济、工业化、科学技术和分工等——还没有发育成熟;第二,中国社会发展范式转换是由党和政府主导、主动完成的。中国的社会发展范式转换既有普遍性也有特殊性,因此在发展范式转换的实践过程中应该有独特的发展对策,应当建立适应发展范式双重维度转换的应有机制;虽然当前批判并制约社会理性层面发育的时机还尚早,但还是要将社会公平与正义作为政府制定各项政策和法规的核心价值诉求,尽力避免市场经济、工业化、科技和分工等的发展的负面影响。

The Paradigm Conversion of Chinese Social Development

After WWT,the whole world has been unning after economic growth,overlooking social equity and development,and ignoring environmental protection and energy saving,which have led to numerous social problems,such as unbalanced economic structure,energy resources deficiency,worse ecological environment,and aggravated polarization.The original social development paradigm that only attaches importance to economic growth has seriously undergone all-round challenges and negative influences.Then,three west scholars,namely,Francois Perroux,Amartya Sen,and D.Paul Schafer,have put forward a new social development paradigm from the perspectives of value,culture,and liberty,so as to solve these problems.However,the Chinese conversion of development paradigm,compared with other countries,has its universality and particularity.The universality is characterized with the fact that all those problems that once appeared in other countries also occurred in China.The particularity is mainly displayed in two areas.The first is the rational dimension of social development,that is,none of the market economy,industrialization,science and technology,and division is mature.The second is that the Chinese conversion of development paradigm has been fulfilled by the Communist Party and the Government.Therefore,the relevant policy should be distinct.