葡萄属植物花粉形态的研究

 利用扫描电子显微镜对葡萄属Vitis L．37个类群(包括32种、1亚种和4变种)以及其近缘属麝香 葡萄属Muscadinia(Planch．)Small一种植物的花粉进行了观察，结果表明，葡萄属植物的花粉形态特征 在区别并鉴定属下的种类时有较大价值，但对种以上的分类以及研究系统演化无多大意义。葡萄属植 物的花粉形态特征可以分为4类：(1)花粉粒扁球形或圆球形(P/E值为O.97-1.08)，沟较宽，可见被有 较密颗粒状突起的沟膜，属于该类的有紫葛V．coignetiae Pull．ex Planch．；(2)花粉粒长球形至近长圆球 形(P/E值为1.25～1.76)，沟较宽，可见有较疏颗粒状突起的沟膜，该类型包括了庐山葡萄V．hui Cheng 等共10种1亚种3变种；(3)花粉粒长圆球形(P/E值为1.87～2.1)，沟边缘紧靠合呈直线状，但在赤道 轴萌发孔处沟边缘分开呈菱形，该类型有秋葡萄V．romanetii Roman du Caill．ex Planch．和锈毛刺葡萄V． davidii(Roman du Caill．)Foex．var．ferruginea Merr．et Chun等1种1变种；(4)花粉粒长球形或超长球形 (P/E值为1.30～2.0)，沟边缘紧靠成直线状，麝香葡萄Muscadinia rotundifolia(Michx .)Small等21种的花粉属于此类型。

A study on pollen morphology of the genus Vitis L.

The pollen grains of 32 species, 1 subspecies and 4 varieties of Vitis and 1 species of Muscadinia were scanned with Hitachi S-800 scanning electron microscope and described in the pr- esent paper. In Vitis, the pollen morphology is found to be valuable for the identification of species, though it is of little significance in supraspecific classification and systematic consideration. The ornamentation of Vitis could be divided into four types: ( 1 ) The pollen grains are oblate or rarely spheroidal (P/E =0.97 ～ 1.08) in shape, with colpi wide enough to show dense granulae inside. The pollen grains of V. coignetiae Pull. Ex Planch. belong to this type. (2) The pollen grains are prolate to subprolate (P/E = 1.25 ～ 1.76 ), with sparse granulae within the colpi. This type in- cludes l0 species, 1 subspecies and 3 varieties, such as V. hui Cheng etc. (3) The pollen grains of V. romanetii Roman du Caill. ex Planch. and V. davidii (Roman du Caill. ) Foex. var. fer- ruginea Merr. et Chun are prolate (P/E= 1.87 ～ 2.1), with colpi narrow and linear-shaped, but rhombic in the equational region. (4) The pollen grains are prolate or perprolate (P/E= 1.30 ～ 2. 0), with narrow and linear-shaped colpi. The species with this type of pollen grains are Muscadiniarotundifolia (Michx.) Small and 20 species of Vitis.