我国城乡教师差异的制度分析与教师制度的变革

从新制度经济学的角度来看，我国城乡教师之间的巨大差异主要是因为教师制度安排的不合理。改变这种状况有两种方式：一是“卡尔多改善”，即通过建立补偿机制，给予农村教师适当和必要的补偿，以使其状况得到改善，从而在一定程度上缩小二者之间的差距；二是“非帕累托改进”，即通过建立新的教师制度，将城市教师的既得利益缩小到合理的范围之内，相应大幅度增加农村教师的收益，从而使二者之间的差距发生根本性的转变。

Institution Analysis of China's Urban and Rural Teachers' Difference and Changes of Teacher Institution

From the view of new institutional economics, the reason for huge differences between urban teachers and rural teachers in China is mainly caused by unreasonable arrangements of teacher institution. There are two ways to change this situation： First, ＂Kaldor improvement＂, that is, through the establishment of compensatory mechanisms, giving rural teachers appropriate and necessary compensation to improve the situation, thereby it can reducing gap in some extent; second ＂non-Pareto improvement＂, namely through the establishment of a new system of teachers, interests of city teachers will be reduced to a reasonable scope , corresponding substantially increases the income of rural teachers, so that the gap between urban teachers and rural teachers will take fundamental changes.