Different methods for soluble salt removal tested on late-Roman cooking ware from a submarine excavation at the island of Pantelleria (Sicily,Italy) |
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| Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/B, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;3. Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali del Mare - Assessorato Regionale dei Beni Culturali e dell’Identità Siciliana, Regione Siciliana, Via Lungarini, 9, 90133 Palermo, Italy;4. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia–Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;1. Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Monteroni di Lecce, 73047 Lecce, Italy;2. Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Monteroni di Lecce, 73047 Lecce, Italy;1. LUNAM université du Maine, CNRS UMR 6613, laboratoire d’acoustique de l’université du Maine, avenue Olivier-Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France;2. DCPCR, Musée du Louvre, Pavillon Mollien, 75058 Paris, France;1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Departamento de Materiales Metálicos y Cerámicos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04510, Mexico;2. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, Departamento de Química, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, CP 09340, Mexico;1. Transport in Permeable Media, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;2. INPT, UPS, IMFT (Institute de Mecanique des Fluides de Toulouse), University de Toulouse – Allee Camille Soula, F-31400 Toulouse, France;3. CNRS, IMFT, F-31400 Toulouse, France;1. Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Rd., Tainan 70101, Taiwan;2. Green Building and New Energy Research Center, Tonji University, 1239, Siping Rd., Shanghai, China;1. Department of Graphic Arts Technology and Applied Photochemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;2. Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic |
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| Abstract: | This paper deals with the comparative evaluation of different procedures of salt extraction designed for archaeological ceramics from submarine burial environments. The experimental work was carried out on a particular type of late-Roman cooking ware finds (Pantellerian ware) found in a shipwreck near the shoreline of the Island of Pantelleria (Sicily). The studied ceramic test-pieces were first recognised in terms of bulk characteristics (mineralogy, petrography and chemistry). SEM-EDS observation allowed verification of the presence of various secondary minerals at the surface and in the pore spaces formed after the prolonged permanence in seawater under oxidising or reducing conditions. Pore-size distribution was also determined in the same fragments that had been subjected to the salt extraction routines. Three salt extraction methods were tested: two methods based on diffusion processes (water immersion under stationary conditions and under mechanical stirring conditions) and one method based on both diffusive and advective processes (multiple packages of sepiolite). The obtained experimental data allowed us to identify strengths and weaknesses of the tested procedures with practical spin-off for archaeologists and restorers (efficiency, kinetics, compatibility with the ceramic substrate, costs and simplicity of use). Salt extraction under mechanical stirring was the most effective method and, for this reason, is suitable for laboratory fieldwork during or immediately after submarine archaeological excavations. Similar advantages are also intended for the preliminary treatments of the most precious findings prior to museum storage. |
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| Keywords: | Submarine excavation Archaeological ceramic Desalination procedures Pantellerian ware Sicily |
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