从大、小传统的视角看冀东评剧的产生

评剧是冀东地区的重要曲艺形式,为“冀东三支花”之一,代表着当地的民俗文化.它诞生于民间,逐步为主流社会所接纳,历经了从俗到雅的过程.其间,雅、俗文化之间互动融合,优秀的艺人起了桥梁作用.人类学家雷德菲尔德的大、小传统理论框架为研究雅、俗文化的关系提供了全新的视角,有利于我们从宏观文化层面审视冀东评剧的产生,但是雷德菲尔德过于重视大传统对小传统的影响,认为乡野文化这种小传统终将被都市文化这种大传统同化的观点有失偏颇,冀东评剧产生的历程就恰恰证明了小传统的自觉性和能动性.

Production of Ping Opera in Jidong Area From the Perspective of the Great Tradition and the Little Tradition

Ping Opera is an important art form in Jidong Area, regarded as one of ＂Jidong three flowers＂ and representing the loeal folk culture. It was born from among the folks and gradually accepted by mainstream society through the process from the vulgarity to elegance. In the meantime, interaction and integration between the vulgar tradition and the elegant tradition is bridged by excellent artistes. The theoretical framework of the great tradition and the little tradition proposed by Anthropologists Redfield provides a new perspective for the study of folk culture and helps us to examine the production of Ping Opera from the macro dimension of culture. However, Redfield overstressed the impact of the great tradition on the little tradition, and thought that the little tradition, such as folk culture, would inevitably be assimilated by the great tradition, such as urban culture. This point of view is proved biased as the production process of Ping Opera in Jidong Area best proves both conscientiousness and initiative of the little tradition.