重温几个黎氏语法学术语

黎锦熙语法体系中所用的一些曾经沉寂的术语,近年来又重现于学术著作,并具有其他术语难以替代的作用。"补足语"在当代语言学中作为一个重要术语指包括宾语在内的一类重要句法成分,与黎氏语法中的补足语有相通之处。而汉语语法现有的"补语"虽然英译相同,却不是一个通用的语法概念,无法代替补足语的作用。名词的"位"是词类与句法成分之间的中间层次,近于"论元"这类当代语言学的中间层次术语,对刻画语法规则富有作用,不是所谓的多余层次。"代名词"、"指示形容词"等术语带有明确词类属性,比含义笼统的代词更便于用来阐述语法规则。这些黎氏术语比一些汉语特色的后起术语更适合进行跨语言对比和语言共性的研究。

Some Grammatical Terms Used by LI Jin-xi

The paper reviews some of LI Jinxi’s grammatical terms that have not been used for long, but recently reappeared and played an irreplaceable role. "Complement", for example, as an important term in contemporary linguistics, is an syntactic element that includes object; it has much similarity with the same term used by LI Jinxi. Nevertheless, the currently existing concept of "complement" in the Chinese Grammar, though translated from English, is not a general grammatical concept, and can not replace the role of the "complement" mentioned above. The "apposition" of nouns is the intermediate-level between words and syntactic components. It is similar to the intermediate-level term "argument" in contemporary linguistics, and contributes to describing the rules of grammar. It is not the so-called "unnecessary level". Terms such as "pronoun" and "demonstrative adjective" have specific properties of the classification of words; that is, they are more convenient than simply the only term "pronoun" in the general sense when elaborating the rules of grammar. These grammatical terms used by Li Jinxi are more suitable for cross-linguistic comparison and the research of language universals than some later-coming terms that have more Chinese characteristics.