为意义建构学习设计教学--学习与教学概说

教育心理学研究教学如何影响学习。教学与学习是彼此互相联系的过程,从而促成学习者发生改变。学习可以比喻为“反应增强”或“知识获得”或“知识建构”．这三种比喻所建议的教学方法都有它的优势所在。学习时发生着三种记忆．即感觉记忆,短时记忆（工作记忆）和长时记忆;与之相配备的三种基本学习过程分别是选择、组织和整合。教学必须帮助学习者选择相关的信息．组织信息和整合信息。也就是说,有意义学习依赖于在学习中的积极认知加工或知识建构。

Designing Instruction for Construction Learning

Education psychology aims to study how instruction affects learning, which are connected with each other. There are three views about learning: learning as response strengthening, learning as knowledge acquisition, learning as knowledge construction. While learning occurs there are three kinds of memory: sensory memory, short-time memory, long-time memory, the according learning are selecting, organizing and integrating. Instruction should teach the students how to select, organize and integrate information.