运动员诉权保障与《欧洲人权公约》——欧洲人权法院佩希施泰因案件述评

欧洲人权法院对德国运动员佩希施泰因案件的判决,确认了《欧洲人权公约》对强制性的体育仲裁必须进行适用,公约第6.1条要求国际体育仲裁院对案件的审理必须公开,同时判决确认了国际体育仲裁院是独立和公正的审判机关。然而,从国际体育仲裁理事会的人员组成和国际体育仲裁院仲裁员大名单上的人员构成来看,体育组织能够对国际体育仲裁院施加影响,使得具体仲裁庭的独立性和公正性大打折扣,欧洲人权法院持异议意见的法官的裁决更有说服力。国际体育仲裁院是否是依法设立的审判机关也存在疑问。尽管国际体育仲裁院所在的国家瑞士政府赢得了在欧洲人权法院诉讼的基本胜利,但国际体育仲裁院必须坚持改革,才能成为真正的国际体育纠纷最高裁决机构。

Protection of Litigious Rights of Athletes and European Convention of Human Rights: Commentary on the Pechstein Case by European Court of Human Rights

The ruling by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to the case of German athlete Pechstein confirmed the application of European Convention of Human Rights(ECHR) to compulsory sports arbitration. Article 6.1 of ECHR required the public hearing by CAS. The judgment of ECHR acknowledged CAS as an independent and impartial tribunal. However, in regards of the composition of CAS arbitrators list and the members of International Council of Sport Arbitration(ICAS), the sports associations had their influence on CAS, which caused doubts about the independent and impartial nature of the arbitral panel. The dissent opinion in the judgment of ECHR had more persuasive power than the major opinion. There was still doubt about whether CAS was established by law. Although Swiss government which CAS belonged to won most parts of the case in ECHR, CAS should continue its reform to become the true supreme tribunal of international sports.