从王庆云《石渠余记》看清代的救灾措施

王庆云曾任户部右侍郎，四川总督等职，熟悉清朝典制。他所著的《石渠余记》与《清会典》、《清文献通考》等资料均着意搜采，具有较高的历史价值，可补《清文献通考》等所缺资料。该书主要是记载经济问题，极具经济史料价值。其中第一卷有相当篇幅涉及到救灾问题。书中所载灾荒种类主要有水、早、蝗、霜雹、地震、火、潮、飓几种。救灾措施主要有捐赋、减征、缓征、赈、贷、免一切逋欠等。并建立了一套相对完整的救灾制度，这些措施和制度取得了一定成效，但也存在一些弊端。

The Measures for Disaster Relieved in SHI QU YU JI of WANG Qing-yun

WANG Qing-yun, borned in Qing dynasty, former minister of department of population, viceroy of Sichuan province in southeast part of China. He was very familiar with the institution of Qing dynasty. His work collected a lot of bibliography from Qing Hui Dian and Qing Wen Xian Tong Kao which is full of historical value. Of which, the first volume has a lot of pages about the problem of disaster relieve. The kind of disasters in this book are mainly about flood, drought, locust disaster, frost and haft, fire, tide, earthquake, hurricane and so on.The measure for disaster relieve is mainly about reduction and delay of levy, aid, loans or exempt all of owe etc. also, there is a lot of institution for disaster relieve. These measures achieved a lot, but there were a lot of malpractices too.