Assessment of Oxidative Stress Markers and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Elderly Patients Without and with Coronary Artery Disease

We aimed to assess whether measuring carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and oxidative stress markers such as protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, nitrate and glutathione in plasma of elderly patients without and with coronary artery disease (CAD) identifies early risk for CAD. A total of 50 cases with cardiovascular risk factors over the age of 60 years without CAD, and 50 patients with angiographically documented CAD over the age of 60 years were included in the study. Control group consists of 200 healthy individuals without the risk factors. Demographic details were obtained from all the subjects and CIMT measured by high frequency ultrasound and oxidative stress markers such protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde and total glutathione were determined in plasma by spectrophotometric methods. The distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in without CAD and CAD cases were smokers (16 vs 56 %), hypertension (26 vs 64 %), diabetes (16 vs 56 %) and dyslipidemia (18 vs 58 %) and positive family history (4 vs 38 %). None of the control group had any cardiovascular risk factors. Among the CAD cases, 16 % had single vessel disease, 44 % had double vessel disease and 40 % had triple vessel disease. The CIMT was significantly increased in CAD cases as compared to cases without CAD and healthy controls. On the other hand, CIMT was significantly increased in cases without CAD as compared to healthy controls. CIMT also increased with the duration of diabetes in patients without CAD and severity of disease in CAD cases. The levels of oxidants like plasma malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, were significantly elevated and antioxidant glutathione levels and nitrate levels were significantly reduced in cases with and without CAD as compared to healthy controls. Oxidative stress markers and CIMT was found to be significantly increased in patients with cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, family history of CAD, dyslipidemia, hypertension and smoking when compared to patients without risk factors. In patients with diabetes, CIMT increased as duration of disease increases and also in poorly controlled diabetes. In CAD group, when number of vessel involvement (severity of coronary disease) increases, the CIMT also increases confirming that CIMT is a quantifiable risk factor for CAD.