国际成人能力评估项目的述评——基于OECD首次成人技能调查结果的分析

国际成人能力评估项目（PIAAC）是世界经济合作与发展组织（OECD）2013年第一次在24个国家和地区开展的针对成人能力问题而进行的较大规模调查。其目的是了解当今各国成人能力（技能）的现状,成人能力之间的相互影响;工作、生活中成人能力的运用情况以及成人能力与经济、劳动力市场和社会的关系,从而为各国制定教育及经济政策提供依据。这项调查以经济全球化为背景,以信息通信技术为主线,提出了成人关键信息处理能力,即读写能力、计算能力、问题解决能力;通用能力,如合作能力、自我管理能力等,调查了这些能力的现状及分布情况,以及在工作中成人能力应用的状况。这项调查还从社会人口学的视角,研究了教育程度、性别、移民与成人能力的相互关系,探讨了成人能力与社会效益的问题。PIAAC不仅为我们提供了大量、翔实的调查数据和分析,也为国际成人教育研究提供了科学研究成人能力的量表。PIAAC的贡献对于国际成人能力研究具有奠基和里程碑式的作用。

A Review of the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies--Based on the Findings of OECD's First Survey of Adult Skills

PIAAC is firstly carried out as a form of large-scale survey of adult skills in 24 countries andsub-national regions in 2013. The purpose of PIAAC is to know the status of adult skills in many countries, theinfluence between those skills, the utilization of these skills in the daily life and the relationships of the adult skillswith the economy, the labor market and the society. It aims to provide reference for countries to formulate policyabout education and economy. The survey setting the global economy as the background, with information andcommunication technology as the main line, comes up with the key information processing skills including literacyskills, numeracy skills, problem solving skills, and in various ＂generic＂ skills, such as co-operation skills, planningwork and use of time for oneself and etc. It investigates the present situation and the distribution of thesecapabilities, and the application of adult skills in work. From the demographic perspective, it studies therelationship between the education level, gender, immigration and the adult skills, and inquires into the relationshipbetween adult skills and social problems. PIAAC provides not only a large, detailed survey and analysis for us, butalso the scientific research scale of adult skills for international adult education, which is the milepost of international adult skills study.