基于科技政策和前沿动态的第四次工业革命关键技术和举措分析

为充分把握第四次工业革命的历史机遇,世界各国必然会瞄准战略科技领域,以一批关键技术为抓手,推出一系列的政策、战略、规划、计划和具体举措,推动科技进步和变革,在第四次工业革命中占据先发优势。本文以世界主要国家近年来发布的科技政策战略、前沿研发等重要动态新闻文本为分析对象,采用NLP (natural language processing)、文本挖掘、科学计量学等方法,揭示第四次工业革命中各国关注的重点领域技术和举措。研究结果发现,世界主要国家重点关注生物与农业、材料、航空航天与空间、数字与通信、能源、海洋、传统制造业等科技领域,积极布局量子计算、人工智能、再生能源、纳米技术、基因技术等关键技术,并采取投资计划、合作研究、政策研究和研究项目等发展举措推动上述科技领域和关键技术的发展。本文从动态新闻文本挖掘出发,梳理了第四次工业革命中世界主要国家布局的关键领域技术和重点举措。从理论意义上看,拓展了NLP、文本挖掘和科学计量学在科技政策研究中的应用场景;从实践意义上看,为我国布局第四次工业革命战略科技领域和关键技术、实施相应发展举措提供情报参考。

Analysis of Key Technologies and Measures of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Based on S&T News Mining

To fully grasp the historical opportunities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,countries worldwide will inevita‐bly aim at the strategic Science and Technology(S&T)field and use several key technologies as the starting point to launch a series of policies,strategies,plans,and specific measures to promote S&T progress and change,to occupy the first mover advantage in the fourth industrial revolution.The article uses important news texts such as science and technology policy strategies and research and development(R&D)progress released by major countries in recent years as the analysis object.Further,it uses natural language processing(NLP),text mining,and scientometrics to reveal the key fields,technologies,and initiatives that countries are concerned about in the fourth industrial revolution.The study found that major countries focus on S&T fields such as biology and agriculture,materials,aerospace,digital communications,energy,marine,traditional manufacturing,while actively deploying key technologies such as quantum computing,artificial intelligence,renewable energy,nanotechnology,genetic technology.Additionally,major countries adopt investment plans,cooperative research,policy research,and research projects to promote the development of the aforementioned S&T fields and key technologies.Starting from the text mining of news texts,the article sorts out the layout of S&T fields,key technologies,and key measures of major countries in the fourth industrial revolution.From a theoretical standpoint,it expands the application scenarios of NLP,text mining,and scientometrics in S&T policy research.From a practical standpoint,it provides information and reference for our deployment of strategic S&T fields and key technologies,and implementation of initiatives.