The overlooked citations: Investigating the impact of ignoring citations to published patent applications |
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| Institution: | 1. National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Patent, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;2. National Taiwan University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;3. National Taiwan University, Department of Library and Information Science, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;4. National Taiwan University, Center for Research in Econometric Theory and Applications (CRETA), No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;1. International Joint Informatics Laboratory (IJIL), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;2. International Joint Informatics Laboratory (IJIL), University of Illinois, Champaign, United States;3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Service, School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;1. Library, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China;1. Laboratory for Studies of Research and Technology Transfer, Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science (IASI-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Viale Manzoni 30, 00185 Rome, Italy;2. Department of Engineering and Management, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;1. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya, 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia;2. Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;3. University of Primorska, Andrej Maru?i? Institute, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;1. Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China;2. URPP Social Networks, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland;3. Alibaba Research Center for Complexity Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, PR China;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;5. Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | A utility patent application may result in two citable documents: a published patent application (PPA) and a patent if the application is granted. Most analytic works consider only citations to the patent and ignore those to the PPA. This study gathers more than 270,000 U.S. utility patents granted in 2014 and their PPAs, and compares their citation counts up to 2018. Statistics show that citations to patents, on the average, account for less than 50 % of those to the patents and their PPAs combined together, indicating a significant underestimation to the value or impact of the patents. The degree of depreciation is worse when the time gaps between patents and their PPAs are longer, as the PPAs not only have accumulated citations for a longer period, but also individually, concurrently, and continuously receive citations after the patent is granted. This study further applies Main Path Analysis to a conventional citation network involving only citations to the patents and another network augmented with those to the PPAs, using empirical data from United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Cancer Moonshot Patent Data. The main path derived from the augmented network is almost entirely different from that of the conventional network. |
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| Keywords: | Patent bibliometrics Published patent application Citation Value capture rate Main path analysis |
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