析魏明帝禁浮华

汉晋时“浮华”一词因使用场合不同而有多种含义 ,可以指奢靡 ,不守章句礼仪 ,有名无实及轻薄放纵的社会风气 ,也可以指朋党。魏明帝太和年间禁浮华则主要是从政治着眼 ,其真实意义在于严禁朋党。魏明帝本人虽口吃少言 ,却颇有大略 ,特好法理 ,习于军事 ,且又雄心勃勃想要完成统一大业 ,因此对于桀骜不驯、恃才傲物的当时名士颇为厌恶。太和二年的未遂政变 ,使明帝强烈感受到了叔父曹植的政治压力 ,由此直接导致了禁浮华的一系列举措。曹植在明帝继位时仍有相当大的政治影响 ,并且与当时名士在很多方面都有相通之处 ,极有可能结为朋党 ,成为政治隐患。因此 ,魏明帝禁浮华主要是针对曹植的 ,曹植死后 ,禁浮华也便由显著激烈而归于平静

Emperor Ming''''s Prohibition of Ostentation

The word ”fuhua” (ostentation) from Han to Jin Dynasties had different connotations. It might stand for the social customs of extravagance in living, belittling sacred etiquettes or ceremonial rites and regulations, or only for titularity and frivolity and indulgence. It could also refer to cabal. But the prohibition on ostentation issued by Emperor Ming (CAO Rui) in his ”Taihe” (peaceful) years principally started for a political purpose, i.e. strictly forbidding cliques. Emperor Ming himself was habitually handicapped in speaking, but he was a person of great talent and bold vision. He was fond of laws and regulations, skillful in military affairs, and ambitious to unite the whole nation. He was much disgusted with those literarily reputed but obstinate and unruly in character. During the second year of his reign, a coup d'état took place, which made him strongly feel the political pressure from his uncle CAO Zhi. He hence issued a series of acts against ostentation. After CAO zhi's death, the movement naturally calmed down.