从歌舞角度谈畲族两个仪式中的文化借鉴因素

从词、歌、舞三方面,谈畲族两个仪式中的文化借鉴因素,这个文化借鉴主要来自于汉族。具体表现：在文词方面大量吸收有利于畲族生存发展、有利于和谐团结的儒家文化,如做功德中演唱的《孝顺歌》、《二十四孝》等,并运用产生音乐美感、丰富歌词韵味的＂三条变＂;在歌唱方面出现与众不同的《高皇歌》,一唱众和的《报病审死》、《奠酒》,锣鼓相伴的《做少年》等;在舞蹈方面,如做功德其队形主要以绕棺、横队、纵队、四角站为主,传师学师中的一些舞段虽较原始,但具有深刻的含义。随着时代的发展,做功德和传师学师这两个仪式渐渐变成非物质文化遗产了,也面临着失传或基本失传的窘境,加强对其形态和文化的研究就显得尤为重要。

On Cultural Factors in Two Rituals of She Nationality from the Perspective of Dance

The paper discusses the cultural factors in two rituals of She Natronality from aspects of lyrics,songs and dances,which mainly come from Han nationality. First,the lyrics drinkin Confucian culture which is beneficial for the survival and development of She nationality and conducive to the harmony and unity,such as Filial Piety Song and Twenty four Piety. Secondly,with regard to singing,there are distinctive Imperial Song,Trial of the Sick and Libation with the form of ＂one sings and others chorus＂ ,and For the Youth accompanied by drums and so on. Thirdly,with regard to dance,the group formation in the merit rituals for the dead is mainly around the coffin,in lines,in columns and in square.Some dances in acknowledging masters are comparatively ancient but with profound meaning. With the development of the times,merit rituals for the dead and acknowledging masters gradually have become intangible cultural heritage,and but are lost or basically lost in many places. Therefore,it is particularly important to study the form and culture.