崔述历史考证方法论的局限性--以考证司马迁《史记》"申侯与弑幽王"之说为例

清代史家崔述在考辨伪书荒史的过程中,确立了“是非必折衷于孔孟,而真伪必取信于《诗》《书》”的用证原则和“不应后人所知,乃反详于古人”的辨伪原则,形成了系统的历史考证方法论。崔述的历史考证方法澄清了许多古史传说的疑团,具有重大的考史价值；但也存在着疑古过头的弊端，具有一定的历史局限。他对司马迁《史记》“申侯与弑幽王”记事的考证,明显暴露出其历史考证方法论的局限性。

On the Limitation of the Method of Historical Verification by Cui Su

In the process of distinguishing canonized books from the false ones,Cui Su,a historian of Qing Dynasty,puts forward two principles,which include the principle of adopting the proof and that of distinguishing the false from the true.The two principles turn out to be a system of the method of historical verification.This kind of method boasts of great significance,contributing to clear a great many doubts about the ancient history and legends.On the other hand,it also has some limitations,which are obviously embodied in his verification about the event of "Lord Shen and the Death of Youwang" recorded in Shi Ji by Si Maqian.