论《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》与《麦克白》中男性主体意识的建立

“悲剧,因果性,和主体意识”这三者之间的关系,是文艺复兴商业戏剧的一个普遍关注的焦点.作为文艺复兴戏剧的代表,莎士比亚戏剧,尤其是莎士比亚经典悲剧试图通过男性主人公主体意识的构建来表达这一关注.在《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》与《麦克白》中,这种关系的核心表现为通过削减女性力量,淡化女性存在来建立男性的主观意识.男性气概的最终获得和父权秩序的最终建立都是以女性力量的消减或者毁灭为代价的.欧菲利亚的自杀使哈姆雷特最终获得了他的复仇英雄的宿命,而奥赛罗则是通过谋杀具有反叛精神的苔丝狄蒙娜而建立了他的男性主体意识,麦克白通过他的一系列暴行,渐渐摆脱了麦克白夫人的控制,取得了一定程度上的独立.

An Analysis of Male Subjectivity in Hamlet, Othello and Macbeth

Based on analyzing Shakespeare’s three most influential dramatic works——Hamlet,Othello and Macbeth,this writing examines how Shakespearean tragedy reflects the Renaissance commercial theatre’s growing emphasis on the relation between tragedy,causality and subjectivity.Central to this new emphasis is the construction of male subjectivity that often depends on the effacement of femininity.In view of the chronological order in which these three dramas took place in Shakespeare’s tragedy writing,this analysis is an examination of how the "male subjectivity" theme is treated and developed in Shakespearean tragedy.