康德的“自在之物”新解

传统观点认为康德把"自在之物"看作是不可认识的,因而康德是不可知论者。本文对这种观点提出异议。无论从认识的对象还是从认识能力来说,世界永远存在着不可认识的"自在之物"。康德认为通过先天形式认识到的是现象,而不是"自在之物"。应该说这是正确的,因为人认识客观世界总是带有主观性、主观成分,因而所认识到的东西不可能是原来的样子,康德称为现象或表象。康德提出的理论理性所追求的最大统一体:灵魂、世界、上帝,以及实践理性所追求的以自由意志为根据的无条件统一体"至善":灵魂不朽,上帝存在,虽然是"自在之物",但却是人们思维的对象。从今天的现实来看,这种观点是可以成立的。

A New Understanding of Kant's "Things-in-Itself"

The traditional view holds that Kant treated the "things-in-itself" as unknown to us,so he should be an agnostic.The present article challenges this understanding:as for both the cognition objects and cognition ability,there are always some "things-in-itself" which could not be reached.In fact,what Kant deemed that we could only know the phenomena(not "things-in-itself")in terms of a priori forms should be appropriate since there is always some subjectivity(or subjective elements)in our understanding of the...