19世纪后期中国近代化变革失败的制度分析

本文用制度经济学的分析方法分析近代化变革失败的原因，说明良好的制度是社会变革成功的关键，产权制度是近代化变迁中最重要的制度安排，“官督商办”模式模糊了产权的界限，侵害了产权所有者的收益权，使制度的激励机制无效，因而没有建立起稳定的，近代化的制度基础；保证市场经济正常运行的相应的市场体系的不健全，经营管理方式的落后，市场交易费用的昂贵，也造成市场发育不完全，制约了近代化进程，适应新社会的经济伦理和价值观念尚未形成，不能为制度安排有效运行提供基本的制度环境。

Analysis on systems during China''s unsuccessful modernization effort in the last phase of the 19th century

This thesis analyses the cause of China's failure in its modernization endeavor in the late 19 th century,by utilizing an analytical method of systematic economics,realizing that a favorable system is the key factor to the success of social reforms.Property ownership system is the most important systematic format for social changes in modern times.The model of disposal by merchants under government supervision is a model that obscures distinction of property ownership and violates the beneficial rights of property owners,and as a result it invalidated encouraging mechanism.Consequently,a stable and modern system foundation was not necessarily established;As is a fact that a market system which guarantees a normal market operation was not properly formed,with an outdated managerial method and expensive trading cost,market economy was not soundly developed,hence modernization progress was restricted.The morality and concept of value,which should be adapted to a newly developed social system,had not yet taken shape,thus a basic systematic environment could not be presented for a sound operation of system formats.