明清学风嬗变之大势及对学术的影响

明清时期学风的嬗变主要经历了三个阶段，呈现出不同的特点：一是由明中叶空疏浮泛向务真求实的转变，由此促进了明代考据学的发展；二是由清初大师们倡导学以致用向乾嘉学者脱离现实、专务考据的嬗变；三是嘉道之后，考据学逐渐衰颓，今文经学的抬头，经世致用思想的复活，出现了借经学研究的幌子，行政治比附之实的治学风气。但总的变化趋势是由虚变实，由“空谈义理”、“高谈性命”向务真求实、经世致用转变。学风的变化直接影响着学术研究的内容、方法和治学宗旨。

The Transmutation of Study Style during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Its Influence on Academic Research

The style of study in the Ming and Qing Dynasties sees the transmutation in three stages,namely: from the void style of study in the mid-Ming Dynasty to the pragmatic,which promotes the development of textual research,from the studying for the purpose of application advocated by the masters in the early Qing Dynasty to the Qianjia scholars' fleeing away from the reality and focusing on the textual research,and from focusing on the textual research back to the studying for the purpose of application.But the whole trend is the transmutation from the void style of studies to the pragmatic,to the studying for the purpose of application.