延展心灵论及其修正方案

克拉克（A．Clark）与查尔默斯（D．Chalmers）通过思想实验论证外在环境在认知过程中的积极作用，凸显外在环境在心灵中的构成性地位，继而提出延展心灵论题：世界的一部分是心灵的一部分，信念不局限在大脑中，心灵已经延展到世界。延展心灵论在近期西方认知与心灵哲学界引起极大的争论，亚当斯、鲁伯特、福多等人分别对延展心灵论的同等原则、耦合-构成、倾向性信念和即时信念等进行了质疑与批判；而克拉克、梅纳瑞等则进行了回应与辩护。更有部分学者，比如坎曼诺、安德森、麦冉，对延展心灵论进行修正与发展，提出了整合心灵、进化心灵等。延展心灵论可能在理论上还存在不足，但是它对心-身-世界问题的新思考，对于揭示心灵与认知的机制具有深刻的哲学和认识论意义。

The Extended Mind and It's Revisions

Through some thought experiments A. Clark ＆ D. Chalmers argue that external circumstance plays an ac- tive role in cognitive processes, and show its constitution in mind. After that, they propose the extended mind hy- pothesis the part of the world is a part of the mind, belief is not all in the brain, the mind has extended the world. The extended mind has been discussed by many cognitive and mind philosophiers, some of whom, such as F. Adams, R. Rupert, etc, eritize parity principle, coupling - constitution and occurrent belief in the hypothesis. A. Clark ＆ R. Menary give interpretation and defence. hypothesis, and put forward the integrated mind and completely explain mind, but its rethinking about the Besides, J. R. Anderson, S. Mithen ＆ A. Chemero develop the the evolving mind. It is possible that the extended mind can＇ t relationshio between mind. bodv and the world has great philosophical and methodological significance for revealing mind and the mechanism of cognition.