我国优秀击剑运动员运动损伤的特点及预防原则

为了探索我国击剑运动员损伤的发病规律,在第十一届亚运会中国击剑队集训期间,笔者采用病史询问和详细的局部检查,调查了中国击剑集训队和部分省市击剑队193名队员的运动损伤情况,结果显示:带伤者172人,占89.12％,共289例次,涉及到38种损伤,其中慢性损伤占90％以上,训练年限越长,损伤的发生率越高,发病部位集中于持剑手侧的膝关节伸膝装置(25％)持剑手侧肩部(9.7％),腰部肌(13％)和踝关节(9.3％)等。从剑种上看,花剑选手以持剑手侧膝关节髌腱腱病和髌尖末端病、持剑手侧腕关节软组织劳损多见,而重佩剑队员则以持剑手肩关节软组织损伤多见。损伤的基本原因与击剑专项技术的特殊要求有密切关系,其次与忽视准备活动和放松练习等有关,由此,提出了以加强肌肉力量训练,认真做好准备活动并重点结合运动前的防护准备,加强医务监督的预防原则。

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORT INJURIES OF ELITE FENCING ATHLETES IN CHINA AND THE PREVENTIVE PRINCIPLES

193 Chinese elite fencers were investigated at sport injuries. The injuries occured in 89.12% of these fencers. There were 289 cases related to 38 types in all. Amony them,over 90 % were chronic trauma. The longer the training life was,the higher the injury rate was. It was common in foilsman that the peritindinitis and enthesiopathy and wrist strain of the sword hand. And sabreur and epeeist suffered from the shoulder strain of the sword hand easily. The basic reasons relate to special requires of specific technology, inadequacy of warming-up and loosining-up etc. It was advanced that the principle of prevention and cure would be put the stress on strengthening muscular training and accomplishing warming-up and loosining-up in real earnest.