Embryonic stem cells and their genetic modification Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 |
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Authors: | Mitradas M Panicker |
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Institution: | (1) National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), PO Box 6501, GKVK Campus UAS Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 065, India |
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Abstract: | The derivation of embryonic stem cells from mice and the development of techniques that allow for targeted manipulation of
its genome have allowed for the generation of mice with desired mutations. This is what led to the announcement in Stockholm
in 2007 — “The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute today decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for
2007 jointly to Mario R Capecchi, Martin J Evans and Oliver Smithies for their discoveries of Principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells”. Martin J Evans was recognised for his derivation and establishment of mouse embryonic stem cells while Mario Capecchi and
Oliver Smithies were honoured for techniques that allowed site-specific modification of sequences within the genome of these
cells. Such cells were then used to generate animals that had their genome altered specifically and at desired locations.
For this valuable body of work, all three shared the prize equally. To date, almost half of the genes in the mouse genome
have been modified using their techniques. This has led to a better understanding of mammalian physiology, development and
diseases.
Mitradas M. Panicker is on the faculty of the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India. His research interests
include stem cells, serotonin and its receptors and neurobiology. |
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Keywords: | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine embryonic stem cells genetic manipulation of ES cells mouse ES cells Human ES cells HPRT Mario R Capecchi Martin J Evans Oliver Smithies |
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