俄国形式主义“自足性”文学观溯源

俄国形式主义对文学研究对象的确定事实上仍然回答了“文学是什么”的问题,这种 本质追问受到了传统思维模式的影响。从观念价值层面看,该流派的“自足性”文学观是对西方文 艺美学史上那种美和艺术的独立价值的再度申说和改写。从“审美不涉利害”到“文艺不涉利害”, 从“文艺的相对独立”到“文学性”所体现的“文艺的绝对独立”,从“内容与形式的二元模式”到“纯 形式”,俄国形式主义将作品变成了一个与作者、读者和现实无关的独立自足的文本。这种绝对化 的文本崇拜,使文学研究具备合法性、超越性和神圣性的同时也丧失了有效性、现实性和人文性。

Origin of concept of literary autonomy in Russian Formalism

Russian Formalism 's determining its object of study actually furnishes an answer to "what is literature", and this essential pursuit is under the influence of western traditional mode of thinking. From the system of concept and value, its concept of literary autonomy is a restatement and rewrite of independent value of aesthetic and art in the history of western literary and aesthetic theory. From " non-utility of aesthetic judgment " to " non-utility of literature and art", from "relative independence literature and art " to "absolute independence of literature and art " which is reflected in literariness, from "dualistic model of content and form" to "pure form", Russian Formalism regards literary works as an autonomous text which has nothing to do with its author and readers and reality. The absolute worship of text provides literary study with legitimacy and transcendence and divinity, but meanwhile, this kind of study loses validity reality and humanity.