文本意义的生成因素与文学批评的任务

梳理诠释学意义上的对文本的理解,考察文本意义生成的基本因素,是界定文学批评任务的首要环节。文本的意义可分为三个层面:第一层面来源于前文本因素的作用,是读者对文本的价值评估和对作者意图的揣摩、意会;第二层面来源于文本同步因素与后文本因素的综合作用,是读者对文本的时代背景的理解与认知,对自己的审美感受与知识结构的联想、调整甚至于改变,以及向他人所作的解释性的描述;第三层面来源于后文本因素,是读者在一定的提示和启发之下产生的创造性联想。由此,批评的任务也可界定在考辨性批评、诠释性批评、创造性批评三个基本层面上。

Creating Factors of Text Meaning and Comment Task of Literature

Teasing text comprehension in the light of hermeneutics and reviewing the basic factor of text meaning is the first step to define the comment task of literature.There are three levels for text meaning: the first one is from the function of pretext factor,which is readers' value evaluation,to the text and readers' conjecture and sense to authors' purpose;the second level is from the comprehensive function of the text-in-phase factor and the post-text factor,which is the reader's comprehension or cognition,to the time background of the text.It is also the reader's association or regulation to the taste and knowledge structure.The third level is from post-text factor,which is the readers' creative association after some hints or illumination. Therefore,the comment task can be limited to such three levels as study-distinguishing comment,annotation comment and creative comment.