超高压技术在化学研究中的应用

超高压技术近年来得到了快速的发展，特别是金刚石压腔装置的完善，目前已经可以达到550 GPa和6000 K的条件，使其在化学研究中具有巨大的应用前景。压力作为基本的参数，压力作用对物质的电子结构和晶体结构都存在很大的影响。超高压对电子结构的影响包括原子内和原子间，其中原子间的电荷变化包括电荷转移、不均匀分布、以及绝缘体向金属转变。物质的晶体结构在超高压作用下会发生从松散向致密的结构形式的相转变。超高压技术在有机化学反应的选择性、无机固相反应、以及气体的聚合反应等领域都具有重要的应用潜力。

ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE IN CHEMISTRY

Ultrahigh-pressure has obtained great development recently. Especially with the application of diamond anvil cell (DAC), it is very easy to attain a pressure of 550 GPa with a temperature of 6000 K. This is very important in chemistry. Electronic phenomena and structure modifications can be induced by ultrahigh-pres-sure as the result of the decrease of inter-atomic distances. The induced electronic phenomena include intra-atomof change in electronic configuration, and inter-atom involving charge transfer, disproportionation, and insulator to metal transition. Many novel compact structure phase transitions take place under ultrahigh-pressure. The application of ultrahigh-pressure on the regulation of selectivity in organic reactions, synthesis of functional materials via inorganic solid reactions, and polymerization of gas in chemistry becomes more and more attractive.