关于加强农村公共文化服务建设的思考

在国家实施乡村振兴战略的背景下,探寻健全乡村公共文化服务体系的突破方向、重点任务、路径方法,是推动新时代公共文化服务平衡充分高质量发展的首要任务。加强农村公共文化服务建设,首先需要全面落实《公共文化服务保障法》确立的基本公共文化服务标准制度;构建县域图书馆文化馆总分馆制,是完善乡村公共文化服务体系的突破口;推动公共文化服务社会化发展,是高质量发展农村公共文化服务的必然要求。目前以政府向社会力量购买管理运营服务的方式来激发乡村公共文化设施的活力,取得了成效,也暴露了问题。疏通社会力量参与农村公共文化服务建设通道的着力点,首先应加大公共文化服务社会化承接组织的培育力度,其次应完善公共文化服务社会化发展的政策体系,再次是政府监管应转变观念、改进方法。

Thoughts on Strengthening Public Cultural Services in Rural Areas

China has implemented the Rural Revitalization Strategy to promote the overall development of rural areas. Under such background, exploring the breakthrough direction, key tasks, paths and means of perfecting the rural public cultural service system has become the primary task in promoting the balanced, adequate and high-quality development of Chinese public cultural service in the new era. Public Cultural Service Guarantee Law of the People's Republic of China has established the standards of basic public cultural services with the requirements of developing, adjusting and implementing the standards based on the local actual circumstances. By the beginning of 2019, more than 70 percent of the county level people's governments had issued the catalogues of basic public cultural services within their respective administrative regions, but more efforts are needed to fully implement the system in rural areas. The first step is to fill the vacancies in the catalogues of public cultural services at county level. The second step is to standardize the catalogue contents and put forward the service items, quantity indicators, quality standards and expenditure responsibilities pragmatically in line with local economic and social development. The third is to perfect the dynamic adjustment mechanism, integrating with the development of rural revitalization, culture and tourism integration, and the construction of civilization practice center in the new era. The fourth is to consolidate the responsibility of county level government in organizing and implementing the catalogues and guaranteeing the funding, and strengthen the promotion measures,implementation measures, inspection and supervision measures towards the catalogues. The Rural Revitalization Strategy sets forth the requirements for improving the public cultural service system in rural areas, including standards, networks, content and talents. It is not possible for the village to accomplish this task by itself, we must give full play to the leading, radiating and supporting role of the county level public libraries and cultural centers. At present, the construction of central-branch system in public libraries and cultural centers in county level is the breakthrough to improve the rural public cultural service system. With such system, the public cultural service pattern of counties leading villages, facilities sharing, resources sharing, service linkage and urban and rural integration will be basically formed in the scope of a county. To promote socialization development of public cultural services is an inevitable requirement of high?quality development of rural public cultural services. By the beginning of 2019, public cultural facilities in more than 10, 000 towns and villages nationwide had adopted the mode of government purchasing management and operation services from social forces. This mode has revealed several realistic problems. From the perspective of undertakers, their lack of quantity, low degree of specialization and excessive turnover of personnel are the main challenges. From the perspective of government purchase policy, it is mostly about the legitimacy of buyers and undertakers, the adaptability of government procurement bidding methods and procedures, the equal treatment towards the social forces and the nonfeasance of local services, we should, governments. To promote the participation of social forces in rural public cultural firstly, strengthen the cultivation of socialized undertakers in public cultural services, expanding the quantity and improving the quality. Secondly, the policy system of socialization development in public cultural services should be improved, and the urgent task is to resolve the conflicts and uncoordinated policies of different departments. Thirdly, the government should change the ideas of social participation and improve the methods by establishing a mechanism to evaluate the undertakers in accordance with the contract, preventing the administrative management of governments, and controlling the excessive profit-seeking tendency of cultural enterprises or social organizations.