Excerpts from a Textbook Using the Three-in-one Method of Teaching Mathematics

The following excerpts are from the Primary School Experimental Textbook on Mathematics (vol. 1), written by Hanzhou Normal College Educational Science Laboratory and the Hanzhou Uptown Three-In-One Research Group and published in July 1980. The three-in-one method espouses teaching arithmetic through the simultaneous mental arithmetic, the paper-and-pencil method, and the use of the abacus simultaneously. The conventional curriculum treats the use of abacus as a separate subject; it is usually not taught until grade three. In the three-in-one method, the abacus is taught from the first grade along with an understanding of the concept of numbers. In the following example, students are taught addition and subtraction within 100.