"三不朽"人生价值观对古代作家文学观之影响

儒家“三不朽”的价值观不仅对古代作家的人生观影响极大,而且深刻地影响着古代作家的文学观：立德、立功、立言都是要求个体通过服务于群体、社会来展现自我的意义。把立德放在立言之先,要求道德与文章统一。因追求不朽,作家们都对“立言”采取十分严肃、认真、慎重、负责的态度,力求出佳作、出精品。这种尊德性而重事功,轻言说而重践履的价值观,还可引申出把立言看成末事的价值判断。同是立言,也有不同的价值标准,以功利划分,经、子、史的价值高于辞赋等纯文学作品的价值。

Outlook on Life under "Three Immortality": Great Impact on Ancient Chinese Writers' Literary Ideology

The confucianist value on "three immortality", which not only deeply influenced ancient writers in their outlook on life but cast great impcat on their literary phylosophy, includes moral interiorization, achievement realization and theory erectization. Any of the three immortality displays people's self-significance by engaging the individuals in serving public and community. Hence, moral interiorization prepositions theory erectization for the sake of integrity of one's moral with his writings. To seek for immortality, writers maintained cautious and circumspect attitude. toward theory erectization for the purpose of producing perfect and nonsuch literature. This idea, whose highlight is cast on virture, moral, achievements and practice other than theory, implies that the importance of theory erectizaition comes the last. Even so, theory erectization's value varies in different fiction style. Utilitarianly, the theory erectization value of Jing, Zi and shi overshadows that of pure literature like rhymed proses.