人类社会的发展是一个否定之否定的历史过程--马克思主义宏观社会历史观探讨之一

马克思主义经典作家主要从所有制角度研究、认识历史,从宏观上把握社会历史的发展规律。事实上,他们所关注的主要是所有制的两次大转变,即两次否定问题。从原始公有制向私有制(包括奴隶制、封建制)的过渡,即实现、完成了第一次否定;从资本私有制这个私有制最高形式向社会主义、共产主义迈进,则实现了人类社会的第二次否定。由原始公有制到私有制再到更高级的共产主义公有制,人类完成两次否定过程,达到否定之否定的肯定,实现人类社会一个圆满的结局,即黑格尔所谓的“圆圈”。马克思主义经典作家晚年倾心研究“上古历史”一方面是要弄清楚第一次否定过程,另一方面要为第二次否定寻找理论根据。

The Evolution of Human Society is a Historical Process of Two Negations--from a Marxist Macroscopic Perspective

Studying and recognizing the law of history from a macroscopic perspective, the clas-sical writers of Marxism are mainly concerned about the two transformations of ownership, i. e. the two negations. One is the transformation from the primitive public ownership to the slavish and feudal private one. The other is from the capitalist private ownership to socialism and communism, which accomplishes the second negation of human society. During the wholeprocess, human society experiences two negations--the negative negation--and achievesan affirmation, which Heiger called a "circle". The classical writers of Marxism devoted the rest of their life to the history of the ancient times so as to make clear the first negation and seek theoretical support for the second one.