对高校特教学科人才培养方向的思考

对北京师范大学1 990—2 0 0 3年间1 1届特殊教育专业2 35名本科生、2 4名硕士生就业情况进行分析,看出从计划招生分配向市场调节学生自主选择专业和就业的改革过程中,特殊教育专业学生的就业领域由窄变宽,就业的范围包括:基层特殊教育学校、康复机构、特殊教育师资培养机构、教育行政部门或残联机构、高校或科研机构、普通学校。在本科毕业和研究生毕业两次选择当中反映出两个特点:一是放弃第一次就业选择,报考研究生的比例在上升;二是研究生毕业后从事特殊教育工作的比例明显低于本科毕业生。结合一些国家和地区高等特殊教育学科的课程设置,以及我国教育领域的全面改革,本文认为高等特殊教育师资的培养,特殊教育学科的课程设置必须从用人市场和学生自身发展的需要两个层面考虑,与时俱进进行改革,在原有学科基础上发展新的学科增长点。

Thinking on Orientation of Special Teachers'''' Education in Special Education Department of Universities

Through reviewing the job-obtaining situation of 235 graduates and 24 postgraduates who majored in special education in Beijing Normal University during 11 years(from 1990 to 2003),It is found that,in the process of job-obtaining reform,graduates from department of special education could get jobs in more fields,and the extent to job-obtaining includes special schools,rehabilitation organizations,special teachers'training organizations,administrative department of education,association of persons with disabilities,universities,research institutes,and regular schools.Two characteristics are reflected from the data available as:first,the propertion of making further study in postgraduate level has been increasing;second,fewer students take jobs of special education after postgraducate than after graduate. According to curriculum arrangement in other countries and areas,as well as comprehensive reform in our country,the author states that curriculum arrangement of high education special discipline should be reformed with time,with considering the needs of both the employment market and the students'development.