从典型范畴角度看英汉宾语的词类、句法位置异同

动词性成分充当宾语时,动词性成分的词类划分,语法界众说纷纭。范畴由一组特征形成,而范畴成员却并不体现所有这些特征,范畴成员有典型和非典型之分。从英汉比较角度看,英汉动词性成分充当宾语时的词类在整体上都是名词性的,但又带有不同于纯粹名词的特点,它属于非典型宾语词类。非典型宾语词类充当宾语受到一定条件的限制。从跨语言角度看,英汉两种语言里,典型宾语的位置在谓词之后,典型及物句法结构模式是主谓宾,它所接示的语序也表现为典型语序。但在非典型及物句式语序上,汉语则表现出更多的灵活性,这内在原因和汉语重意念的文化内涵相关联。

The Comparison of the Word Class of the Object in Chinese and English from the Prospective of Typical Category

There is no consensus on the word class of some verbs which present in object position.The typical cateagory assumed the devision of untypical and typical members in a category.From the comparison between Chinese and English,the verbal phrase serving as the objects belongs to the word class of the untypical object,and it is more restricted by syntactic rules and semantic meaning,less productive in both Chinese and English.From the aspect of cross languages, regarding the untypical syntactic order,Chinese is freer,because it gives first priority to parataxis,so the syntactic relationship of elements in a sentence does not depend on the morphological inflection,and the objects in Chinese may also be omitted in structure.