营养干预联合跌倒教育对老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒率和运动情况的影响

目的:探究营养干预联合跌倒教育应用于老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床效果。方法:选取196例老年T2DM患者为研究对象,随机数表法分为观察组与对照组各98例。对照组仅接受常规营养干预,观察组在其基础上实施跌倒教育干预。比较干预前及干预6个月后两组糖代谢指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]、下肢肌力[5次坐立试验(FTSTS)时间]、平衡功能[Berg平衡量表(BBS)],分析干预6个月时两组运动情况[老年糖尿病特异性运动锻炼问卷(SEQ-SDM)]及跌倒率差异。结果:干预6个月后,两组FPG、HbA1c水平及FTSTS时间均较干预前有显著下降,且观察组明显低于同期对照组(P<0.05);两组BBS评分均较干预前有显著提升,且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组SEQ-SDM运动知识、运动意愿、运动行为、专业支持维度评分及总分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),两组社会支持维度比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预6个月内,观察组跌倒率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:营养干预联合跌倒教育可有效减少老年T2DM患者跌倒率并改善其运动情况,有利于提高患者生存质量。

Effects of Nutrition Intervention Combined with Falls Education on Fall Rate and Exercise Status of Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of nutrition intervention combined with falls education in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 196 elderly patients with T2DM were selected for the study and were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method,with 98 cases in each group.Control group was only given routine nutrition intervention,and observation group was given falls education intervention on this basis.The glucose metabolism indicators[fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)],lower limb muscle strength[Five Ti Mes Sitto Stand Performance(FTSTS)time]and balance function[Berg bal-ance scale(BBS)]were compared between the two groups before intervention and after 6 months of intervention.And the ex-ercise[Specific Exercise Questionnaire-Senile Diabetes Mellitus(SEQ-SDM)]and fall rate were analyzed in the two groups at 6 months of intervention.Results:After 6 months of intervention,the levels of FPG and HbA1c and the FTTTS time in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before intervention,and the indexes in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).The BBS scores in the two groups were significantly increased com-pared with those before intervention,and the score in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The scores of dimensions of exercise knowledge,exercise intention,exercise behavior and professional support and the total score of SEQ-SDM in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in the social support dimension between the two groups(P>0.05).Within 6 months of in-tervention,the fall rate in observation groupwas significantly lowerthan that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Nutrition intervention combined with falls education can effectively reduce the fall rate and improve the exercise of elderly T2DM pa-tients,and it is conducive to improving the quality of life of patients.