美国教育:自由主义体制下的国家主义倾向

美国教育的国家主义倾向不断增强,主要表现为"教育目的从以个人本位为主导转向以国家本位为主导"和"教育管理体制由典型的地方分权制向'准中央集权制'靠近".本文认为"制度层面条件--联邦政府职能的扩张"和"思想层面条件--民众对教育促进国家安全与繁荣的信念不断加强"是美国教育的国家主义倾向不断增强的两个必要前提条件.

The Nationalism Trends in American Education under the Liberalism System

In America,the nationalism in education has been intensified continuously. First, the aim of education has been transformed from individual-based to society-based and nation-based gradually. Second, the educational management system has been transformed from decentralization of authority to quasi-centralization of authority. There are two main preconditions for the nationalism trends in American education. One is occurring in the political system, that is the increase of the functions of federal government. Another is occurring in the public opinion --the continuous strengthening of the belief held by the public in the educational function to facilitate the sate safe and prosperity.