美国学校体育性别歧视的司法规制探析

在美国,由政府资助的学校所开展的体育运动禁止性别歧视,主要法律依据是1972年《教育法修正案》第9章。法院在处理相关案件时将所涉体育项目区分为身体对抗性运动和非身体对抗性运动。在一所公立学校,对于对抗性运动,学校只有男队或女队时,一般不允许异性参加。对于非对抗性运动,学校只有男队时,允许女性参加男队,只有女队,则一般不允许男性参加女队。同时有男女运动队时,男女运动员应该享受平等的机会和待遇。美国追求学校体育领域的性别平等,是在承认男女客观存在的生理差别基础上,摒弃基于生理差别特别是社会性别而形成的偏见,使得男女都享有平等的机会并最终达到实质上的平等。

An analysis of judicial regulations on sexual discrimination in school physical education in the United states

In the United States,the main legal ground for banning sexual discrimination in physical education devel-oped by schools sponsored by the government is Chapter 9 in the Education Act Amendment established in 1972.When a court is processing a related case,it determines whether the involved sports event is a body contesting sport or a non body contesting sport.In a public school,for a body contesting sport,if there is only a men’s sports team or a women’s sports team in the school,it is not allowed for someone of the opposite sex to join the team;for a non body contesting sport,if there is only a men’s sports team in the school,it is allowed for a woman to join the team,but if there is only a women’s sports team,it is usually not allowed for a man to joint the team;if there are a men’s sports team and a women’s sports team,male and female athletes should enjoy equal opportunities and treatments.The pursuit of the United States for sexual equity in the school physical education area enables men and women to enjoy equal op-portunities and to ultimately realize substantial equity by getting rid of bias formed by physiological differences espe-cially social genders on the basis of admitting that there are physiological differences between men and women.