历史唯物主义视域中市民社会理论的双重内涵及其当代意义

马克思对待市民社会的态度不仅仅是批判的,他对市民社会有两种理解:一是其特定意义,即在政治经济学的语境中分析和批判了市民社会的本质;二是其一般意义,即充分肯定了市民社会和国家的分离是现代国家和现代文明诞生的标志。在1848年革命之后的相关著述特别是《路易.波拿巴的雾月十八日》中,马克思并未放弃对市民社会的一般性理解。通过批判国家过度管制市民社会的历史倒退现象,马克思强调要解放市民社会,实现"社会机体"的合理发展。批判性与建设性的统一才是历史唯物主义视域中市民社会理论的准确内涵。

The Dual Connotation and Contemporary Significance of Civil Society Theory in the Light of Historical Materialism

Marx did not simply hold a critical attitude towards civil society.His understanding of civil society is of two aspects.One is its special significance,that is,he analyzed and criticized the nature of civil society in the context of political economics;The other is its general significance,that is,he fully affirmed that separation of civil society and state marked the birth of modern state and modern civilization.In his works after the 1848 revolution,Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte in particular,Marx never gave up his general understanding of civil society.By criticizing the historical backsliding phenomenon of excessive regulation of civil society from the state,Marx stressed that civil society should be emancipated and reasonable development of the society should be realized.In conclusion,in the context of historical materialism,the precise connotation of civil society theory is both critical and constructive.