徽州文化的基因、特质与解构

徽州文化是代表中国明清社会从“农业的系统”向“商业的系统”转变之际的特异性与先导性的地域文化标本。徽州文化的独特性取决于它的文化基因，包括移民型人口结构、宗法制社会结构、商贾为重的经济结构与崇儒尊孔奉朱的精神结构。徽州文化的特质是既脱胎于中华文化母体，又成为新兴商业文化的先驱者，成为新旧文化二律背后的共存体，表现出许多彼此矛盾又自我调谐的文化表征，其中最典型的为：社会价值与人生价值观上的崇儒与重商，人生态度上的内敛与进取，生活方式上的节俭与时尚。徽州文化解构、降格为普通地域文化，最根本、最关键的动因是构成徽文化特质的内在基因产生了变异：移民型人口结构发生反向移民，宗法制社会结构彻底瓦解，以商贾为重的经济结构被迫转型，崇儒尊孔奉朱的精神结构逐渐涣散，而这种种基因的嬗变受制于内外环境的变革压力。

On the Gene,Characteristics and Deconstruction of Huizhou Culture

Huizhou culture is the specific and guiding local cultural specimen which represents the social transformation from “an agricultural system” into “a commercial system” in Chinese Ming and Qing Dynasties. The uniqueness of Huizhou culture depends on its cultural genes, which includes immigrant population structure, patriarchal social structure, mercantile economic structure and the spirit structure of worshiping Confucius, Confucianism and Neo- Confucianism. Huizhou cultural traits are both rooted in Chinese culture, and become a pioneer in the emerging business culture, as a coexistent body behind both the old and new cultures, which show a lot of contradictory and self-tuning cultural characteristics. Among the most typical are： respecting Confucianism and mercantile thinking on the social value and life value, the restraint and enterprising attitude towards life, the frugal and stylish lifestyle. The deconstruction of Huizhou culture, reduced to an ordinary local culture, the most fundamental and crucial motivation is that its intrinsic genetic makeup of cultural traits produced a variation： immigrant population structure was changed into reverse migration, patriarchal social structure collapsed, mercantile economic structure was forced to get transformed, the spirit structure of worshiping Confucius, Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism gradually dissipated. This kind of genetic evolution is under the control of the change of internal and external environment pressure.