耕地资源社会价值测算方法探讨——以山西省柳林县为例

本文以山西省柳林县耕地资源为研究对象，从剖析耕地资源社会价值的构成入手，按照耕地资源的社会功能，运用分解求和法、替代法、影子价格法等方法，分别从基本生活保障、农民失业保障、社会稳定等对耕地资源进行了价值测算。结果表明：柳林县耕地资源的社会价值总量为152.52×10⁸元，是该县当年耕地征用价格的10倍多，说明耕地具有巨大的社会价值，并在耕地资源总价值中占有重要的地位。从社会价值的构成来看，基本生活保障价值(E_b)占55.16%；失业保障价值(E_e)占20.57%；社会稳定价值(V_w)占24.27%，可见基本生活保障价值是耕地社会价值的重要组成部分，表明耕地资源承担着保障农民生存的巨大任务。从与该县当年耕地征用价格比较分析得出，每公顷耕地的基本生活保障价值和失业保障价值分别是其征用价格的5倍和2倍，说明当前耕地转用过程中，耕地资源的社会保障价值被低估。因此，本文提出提高耕地资源转用的社会成本是有效保护耕地资源和提高非农建设用地效率的有效措施。

The Social Value of Cultivated Land Resources: A Case in Liulin County of Shanxi Province

Much more research work has been done for the valuing cultivated land resources.However,most of the work has been focused on the evaluation of the economic value at macro level,which could hardly touch upon the social value of the cultivated land resources.The present study still has not formed the independent norms and methods of calculating the social value of cultivated land resources in China.This paper evaluated the social value of cultivated land resources by analyzing the composition of social value in accordance with the social function of cultivated land resources.The different methods such as decomposition sum,substitution,shadow price in this paper were used to e calculate the social value of cultivated land resources including the insurance of the farmer's basic life,unemployment,and the social stability in Liulin county of Shanxi province.The result indicates that the gross social value of cultivated land resources amounts to 15 251.9256 million yuan in Liulin County,and it is ten times higher than the price of land expropriation at the same year.This illuminates that cultivated land resources have an enormous social value,and this value is an important part in the whole value of cultivated land resources.In the light of the composition of the social value,various social values respectively are(8 413.1660 million yuan,55.16%),(3 137.0483 million yuan,20.57%),and(3 701.7113million yuan,24.27%).It shows that the value of the insurance of basic life is much significant in the social value of cultivated land resources,and this implies that cultivated land resources have undertaken the most cardinal guarantee for the peasants livelihood during the periods of rapid economic growth in China.Furthermore,the authors contrasted the unit value of the insurance of basic life and unemployment with the unit price of cultivated land expropriation.The unit value of the insurance of basic life is five times higher than the unit price of cultivated land expropriation,while the same value of the insurance of unemployment is nearly two times of the unit expropriation price.Thus,it illustrates that the value of social insurance is rather lower during the transformation process from cultivated land to constructed land.However,the evaluation of the social value of cultivated land resources is still sketchy owing to the limited data and methods.The paper suggests that it should be one of the effective measures to protect the cultivated land and improve the efficiency of constructed land's utility by enhancing the social costs in the process of the transformation of cultivated land resources.