流行病防控的政治伦理视域

政府在对流行病的防控中为了公共的健康难免会对个人的自由、隐私等权利有所侵犯,这种侵犯产生了个人权利与公共健康这种公共善之间的紧张。个人权利与公共善之间的冲突不仅是流行病防控中伦理问题的核心,而且也是政治伦理中自由主义与社群主义争论的焦点,因此,可以将流行病防控问题放置于政治伦理的视域中进行研究。自由主义把个人权利放在最优先的地位,强调权利对善的优先性,这种个人权利优先理论不利于流行病危机的解决。而社群主义的目标是公共善,认为公共善优先于个人权利,这与流行病防控的目标不谋而合,因此社群主义可以为流行病防控提供伦理基础。

On the Ken of Political Ethics of Epidemic Prevention and Control

The Government's prevention and control over epidemic for the public health will inevitably engender an intrusion of the individual freedom and privacy.This intrusion poses a tension between individual rights and the public good-the public health.The conflict between the two sides is not merely the core of the ethic issues in the epidemic prevention and control,but also a highlight in the dispute between individualism and communalism of the political ethics.Therefore a study of the epidemic prevention and control can be placed in the ken of political ethics.Individualism gives priority to individual rights,punctuates the priority of rights to the good.This theory of priority given to individual rights doesn't facilitate the solution of an epidemic crisis.However,communalism aims at the public good,and holds that the public good goes prior to individual rights.This theory is consistent with the goal of the epidemic prevention and control.Communalism hence offers ethic foundation for the epidemic prevention and control.