20世纪末中国小说的流变和自由写作

发轫于“五四”新文化运动的中国现代文学以小说为主流,在启蒙意识和功利思想的作用下,一直承担着时代的使命。而20世纪末中国小说发生了极大的流变,逐渐淡化了“五四”启蒙立场和社会功利意识,日常情感和个人体验成为小说叙事的重要内容。20世纪80年代的伤痕反思文学使长期禁锢的文艺政策逐步解冻,寻根文学、先锋文学在摆脱文学过重的负荷,回归文学自身的努力中受挫。在严肃文学被冷落的沉寂中,被商品化思潮左右的大众文化直接影响了文学,使之退居边缘,小说现代叙事在回归故事的通俗性、个性化写作过程中成为日常化、个人化自由写作的具体表现。商业化境遇使20世纪末的小说流变形成了90年代小说很突出的边缘化自由写作的形态。“新写实”小说、新生代作家、女性写作,以及其他小说创作的不同努力,构成了90年代小说的多元格局,使20世纪末的自由写作成为可能,文学的多元自由发展在一定程度上得以实现。

On the Shifting of Chinese Fiction and Free Writing in the Late 20th Century

The Chinese contemporary literature originates from the Wusi new culture movement,with fiction as the main drive,embodying the times trend because of the influence of enlightenment ideas and utilitarian aims.At the 80's of the 20th century,"Shanghen" literature and "Fansi" literature are gradually released from the literature policy restrained for a long time,then the "Xungen" literature and "Xianfeng" literature are frustrated in the effort of abandonment of overweight burden.But at the end of the 20th century,the Chinese fiction changes largely, the Wusi enlightenment position and social utility ideas become weak gradually and the daily emotion and personal experience become important contents of the fiction.Commercialization leads the late 20th century fiction to the way of borderline free writing.The efforts of the "New Realistic" fiction,the newly generation writers,female composers and other fiction creation form the plural structure of the fictions of the 90's.