科技进步、市场经济与国际贸易自由化——农业科技进步的效应分析

在市场经济中，市场分配效率引导生产投入，一般均衡条件决定市场分配水平。从理论上讲，科技进步的初始作用，是增强生产者的反风险力量，在投入不变的水平上提高供给水平。然而，一旦科技进步成为现实，它就将促使生产投入增加，生产规模扩大，供给水平继续提高。在农产品供应不再短缺的市场经济中，农产品供给成为非价格弹性供给。随着农业的科技进步，如果其他条件不变，出现农产品的超量供给是不可避免的。这种超量，对于农产品净进口的经济，可能会顺利地被国内市场所吸收，增强了国内的自给能力，减少了进口；对于农产品净出口的经济，寻求有利的国际贸易条件，促成顺利出口，以实现其可能的超额收益。

Technical Progress, Market Economy and Liberalization in International Trade--Analysis for Effect of Agricultural Technical Progress

In the market economy, the efficiency of market division is leading the input of production and the general balanced condition determines the level of market division. Theoretically speaking, the initial function of technical progress can enhance the anti-risk strength of the producers, and improve the supply level in the given level of input. However, once technical progress becomes true, it will accelerate the increase of input, expanse the production scale and supply scale. In the market economy where the agricultural product is provided enough, and the supply of agricultural product does not depend on the price. With the technical progress of agriculture, the over supply is inevitable. This part can be absorbed by the market at home successfully for import-only economy. For export-only economy, it can look for the favorable international trade condition and achieve successful export to get the possible over-benefit.