简论宋代丁忧制度对官员仕途的影响

丁忧制度是官员在父母去世后,必须去官守孝的一种礼法制度。在极度提倡"孝"的宋代,丁忧制度对官员仕途有极大的影响。宋朝政府为确保丁忧制度的执行,在政策和法律方面都有相关的严格规定。在宋代,大多数官员能主动执行丁忧制度并完成3年守丧的期限,但政府在遇"金革之事"时对具有"捍卫封疆之能"的武官进行起复,对某些位高权重的大臣也会加以夺情、起复。对个别官员为了权位、利禄而"匿丧"或营求起复等有违孝道的行为,不仅社会舆论会进行谴责,而且朝廷也会给予处罚;而对于"孝感于天"的人朝廷则会授予官职或加官进爵。此外,在宋朝的党派政争中,丁忧制度还会成为打击政敌的利器。

On the Influence of Parent-Mourning System of Offcials in Song Dynasty

The Parent-Mourning System means that when a parent of an official died, the official had to resign from his post and observe mourning for the parent; it was a ＂rite and, law＂isystem. During the Song Dynasty, which advocated the ＂filial piety＂, the Parent-Mourning System had great influence to the official career. To ensure the implementation of the system, the government in the Song Dynasty worked out strict specifications in policy and law. Most officials then could consciously carry out the system and complete the 3-year mourning; those who behaved against the system to conceal the funerals for their own power, rank or salary would be criticized in the society and punished by the government; those who were faith in filial piety would be promoted or rewarded. The Parent-Mourning System sometimes served as a powerful weapon against political opponents in the party and political fighting in the Song Dynasty.